Kashmiri
Kashmiri is a member of the Dardic subgroup of the Indo-Aryan language family. In India it is spoken in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, and in Himachal Pradesh, especially in the Kashmir valley, as well as in parts of Pakistan.
Kashmiri first appeared in writing during the 8th century AD in the Sharda alphabet, which is still used in religious ceremonies by Kashmiri Pandits. After the arrival of Islam in Kashmir during the 15th century, the Arabic script was adapted to write Kashmiri. Today Kashmiri Muslims write their language with the Arabic script, and Kashmiri Hindus used the Devanagari alphabet. Kashmiri is one of the official languages of India, and is taught in schools in the Kashmir valley. It is also used in literature, newspapers, on the radio, and in other media.
Number of speakers: 6,797,587 via: Census 2011
ISO 639-3 Language Code: kas
More Information Online
Omniglot
OLAC
PLS
Glottolog
ScriptSource
r12a
Examples
Typeset Text
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Kashmiri
(Translation in progress)
Images
Particular forms/combinations
Handwriting Sample
Typography Sample
Example of Kashmiri text
via: Internet Archive
Text Files
Kashmiri Word Frequency List
via: http://crubadan.org
PDFs
Kashir Gita – Kashmiri language translation
via: Internet Archive
Valiv Kashur Hechav 1 – Kashmiri primer
via: Internet Archive
Valiv Kashur Hechav 2 – Kashmiri reader
via: Internet Archive
Project Zaan – Basic Reader For Kashmiri Language
via: Internet Archive
Websites in Kashmiri
http://ildc.in
http://incubator.wikimedia.org
http://koshur.kaulonline.com
http://ks.wikipedia.org
http://tukaram.com
http://www.devanaagarii.net
Bibliography / Resources
Kashi Wali and Omkar N. Koul. 1997. Kashmiri: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar. (Descriptive Grammars Series, Descriptive Grammars.) London & New York: Routledge. 406pp.
Razdan, Satyabhama. 2005. Kashmiri grammar: history and structure. Srinagar: Gulshan Books. v+277pp.
Omkar N. Koul and Kashi Wali. 2006. Modern Kashmiri Grammar. Springfield, VA: Springfield: Dunwoody Press. 218pp.
George A. Grierson. 1911. A Manual of the Kāshmīrī Language: comprising grammar, phrase-book and vocabularies. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 160+211pp. (2 vols.)
Thomas R. Wade. 1888. A grammar of the Kashmīrī language, as spoken in the Valley of Kashmīr, North India. London: SPCK. 182pp.
Bhat, Roopkrishen. 1987. A descriptive study of Kashmiri. Delhi: Prakashan. ii+172pp. (Bibliography: S. 168-172).
Cardona, G. and Jain, D. (eds.) 2003. Kashmiri - Introduction, Phonology, Nominal morphology, Verb morphology, Adverbs, Syntax,. In Cardona, G. and Jain, D. (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages.
Grierson, G.A. 1973. Standard Manual of the Kashmiri Language 1. Lucknow: Light and Life Publishers.
Isvara Kaula. 1898. The Kaçmiraçabdamrta; a Kaçmiri grammar written in the Sanskrit language. Calcutta: The Asiatic society. 406pp.
Ahmad, Tanveer. 2013. Kashmiri and Shina: A Comparative Study. (Doctoral dissertation, Srinagar: University of Kashmir; 201pp.)
Omkar N. Koul and Roop Krishen Bhat. 2014. Kashmiri. In Omkar N. Koul (ed.), The Languages of Jammu and Kashmir, 69-163. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan.
Koul, Omkar N. 2005. Kashmiri: a grammatical sketch. Dehli: Indian Inst. of Language Studies. 62pp.
Fotedar, Sunil. 2002. Koshur : an introduction to spoken Kashmiri. (The Kashmir series.) In Fotedar, Sunil (ed.) [Kashmir]: [Kashmir News Network]. x+48pp.
R. B. Leach. 1844. A Grammar of the Cashmeeree Language. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal XIII. 397-420, 553-570.
Edgeworth, E. 1841. Grammar and vocabulary of the Cashmiri Language. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 10. 1038-1064.
Kelkar, Ashok R. and Trisal, Pran Nath. 1964. Kashmiri Word Phonology: A First Sketch. Anthropological Linguistics 6. 13–22.
Trisal, Pran Nath. 1964. Kāshmiri bhāshā kā varnanātmak vyākaran. (Doctoral dissertation, Agra University).
George A. Grierson. 1999 [1932]. A dictionary of the Kāshmīrī Language. Delhi: Low Price Publications. xxiv+1252pp.
Tickoo, Jawahir Lal. 2006. Kashmiri-English dictionary Ka’ shur Angrezi dikshnari. Delhi: Indian Institut of Language Studies. vi+439pp.
Koul, Omkar Nath and Raina, S. N. and Bhat, Roop Krishen. 2000. Kashmiri - English dictionary for second language learners. (Central Institute of Indian Languages Publications, 458.) Mysore: Central Inst. of Indian Languages. v+125pp.
Bhatt, Rakesh Mohan. 1994. Word order and case in Kashmiri. Ann Arbor: UMI. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Urbana-Champaign; xvi+265pp.)
Neve, Ernest Frederic. 2007. English-Kashmiri: a vocabulary of the Kashmiri language. Srinagar: Gulshan Books. v+58pp. (Appendix (p. -58): List of some common trees and plants with Kashmiri and botanical names).
Campbell, George. 1874. Specimens of the languages of India, including those of the aboriginal tribes of Bengal, the central provinces and the eastern frontier. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press. 314pp.
George A. Grierson. 1919. Indo-Aryan Family: North-Western Group: Specimens of Dardic or Piśācha Languages (Including Kāshmīrī). (Linguistic Survey of India, VIII(II).) Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 581pp.
Braj B. Kachru. 1969. Kashmiri and other Dardic languages. In Thomas A. Sebeok (ed.), Linguistics in South Asia, 284-306. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Koul, Omkar N. and Umarani, P. 1998. A computational analysis of Kashmiri. South Asian Language Review VIII. 71-83.
In-Progress/Unresolved Issues
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